Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Definition:

Coronary Artery Disease (also known as CAD) is a very common type of heart disease characterized by the narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries, the vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. This reduced blood flow can cause chest pain (angina), heart attack (myocardial infarction) and potentially fatal arrhythmias.

Types of CAD:

Atherosclerosis: The most frequent, with plaque (made of cholesterol, fat, calcium and other substances) narrowing the arteries.

Spasm of Coronary arteries→blood flow decreases suddenly → grief==>lessen oxygenation.

Coronary artery embolism: A blockage, resulting from a clot or other material present in the blood.

 

Causative Factors:

Risk Factors: Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Cigarette smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and sedentary lifestyle,Familial history of CAD and Age.

Inflammation, stress, poor diet and high alcohol use are another factors

Prevention Methods:

Well-balanced lifestyle: Exercise, balanced diet, body weight and no smoking.

Follow-up: Follow-up with your regular appointment to check your blood pressure, cholesterol levels and sugar; Risk factors beyond weight can be managed with medications such as statins.

Signs and Symptoms:

Angina: Chest pain or pressure, typically brought on with exertion or stress.

Breathing problems: Particularly occurring when you are active.

Fatigue (even if you have been working out)

Symptoms of a Heart Attack: •Pain in the Chest – This could be cochraness, shooting pain, or dull ache.•Feel pain traveling from the chest to another area on the left side of your upper body.

Management:

Pharmacological:

Antiplatelet agents Aspirin, clopidogrel

Statins: For Decrease cholesterol levels.

Beta-Blockers: These work by slowing the heart rate and reducing blood pressure.

ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: Used to control blood pressure and function of the heart.

Non-Pharmacological:

Lifestyle Modifications: Right diet,exercise & weight maintenance.

Cardiac Rehabilitation: Specialized exercise and lifestyle-focused solutions.

Surgical interventions: Angioplasty, stenting or bypass surgery in advanced cases.

Complications:

The totality of everything, heart failure: when the muscle of the heart is weakened and does not pump enough effective blood to meet customers requirement.

Arrhythmias — an irregular heartbeat, which can often be deadly.

Heart Attack — Rapid restriction of blood supply to the heart muscle.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest – A sudden loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness usually in response to an electrical disturbance in your heart that disrupts its rhythm.

 

Conclusion:

Causes of coronary artery diseaseCoronary Artery DiseaseThey are a worldwide cause of great health problems, but it can be preventable and controllable with modifications of life style, drugs use and sometimes, interventions by surgery. Symptoms will remain under control by early detection along with immediate treatment and continuous ongoing care, which is essential to minimize complications and impairing healthy living for patients with CAD. Close follow-up is important with health care professionals and adherence to their optimal treatment plans are secrets for effective management of this condition.

 

 

 

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